Volume 18, number 1, 2024. Print version and published papers:
ENHANCED MULTI-OBJECTIVE GREY WOLF OPTIMIZATION USING ADAPTIVE DIVERSITY TUNING AND LEVY FLIGHTS
Copy citation: P. Asigri, E. A. Frimpong, E. K. Anto, D. Kwegyir, F. B. Effah, Enhanced Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimization using Adaptive Diversity Tuning and Levy Flights, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 7-35, 2024, https://doi.org/10.34302/CJEE/TKYD3692.
Peter ASIGRI, Emmanuel Asuming FRIMPONG, Emmanuel Kwaku ANTO, Daniel KWEGYIR, Francis Boafo EFFAH, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana, pasigri@knust.edu.gh, eafrimpong.soe@knust.edu.gh, kwakuantoh@yahoo.com, daniel.kwegyir@knust.edu.gh, fbeffah.coe@knust.edu.gh
Keywords: Multi-objective Optimization, Grey Wolf Optimizer, Adaptive Population Diversity, Levy Flight
Abstract: This study proposes an enhanced Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) using adaptive population diversity tuning and levy flight theories (EMOGWO-ADTLF). It addresses the issues of parameter tunning by balancing exploration and exploitation. Using MATLAB and Python library Pymoo, the study implemented and evaluated the performance of EMOGWO-ADTLF using multi-objective test problems. The results were compared to high-performing algorithms like MOGWO, Non-Dominated Sorting Grey Wolf Optimizer (NSGWO), Dynamic Chaos MOGWO (DCMOGWO), Multi-Objective Mayfly Algorithm (MMA), Multi-Objective Antlion Algorithm (MOALO) and Multi-Objective Dragonfly Algorithm (MODA). In this work, inverted generational distance (IGD) and hypervolume (HV) were the metrics used to measure the performance of algorithms. The metrics measure the diversity, coverage, and spread of solutions. The results obtained showed the potency of EMOGWO-ADTLF in approximating the Pareto fronts. It ranks first in overall average scores in IGD and HV, with total rank scores of 17 and 18, respectively.
Copy citation: I. L. Alexandrescu, I. M. Alexandrescu, Pulse, Blood Oxygen and Body Temperature Measurement System with Internet Data Monitoring. Construction, Installation, Configuration System Programming, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 36-51, 2024, https://doi.org/ 10.34302/CJEE/PNLK5679.
Ioana Laura ALEXANDRESCU, Ioan Marius ALEXANDRESCU, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, ioana.laura.alexandrescu@gmail.com, Ioan.alexandrescu@imtech.utcluj.ro
Keywords: pulse, blood oxygen level, microcontroller, body temperature, pulse, programming, system installation
Abstract: The vision of creating this device was to ease the work of the people who would be responsible for the physical recording of the temperature of the people in an enclosure or a specific space, such as a medical office, for example, the pulse and the amount of oxygen in the blood by replacing the human resource with a device that takes all three with the help of sensors and not only that, it sends the data taken by them to some tables in the related database, after which it creates statistical graphs with them. Pulse, blood oxygen and body temperature measurement system with internet data monitoring has in the component sensors MLX90614 for remote body temperature recording, sensor that was connected to ESP32 microcontroller, using I2C communication protocol and MAX30100, which I used to measure pulse and blood oxygen level (SpO2), being connected to another microcontroller, Arduino Uno, also via I2C. What has been measured is displayed on an LCD2004, and the data is transmitted wireless to the local server, in the database created in MySQL.
VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT WITH APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTLY OPTIMIZED FACTS CONTROLLERS
Copy citation: J. R. Sutter, J. N. Nderu and A. M. Mutegi, Voltage Profile Improvement with Application of Differently Optimized FACTS Controllers, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 52-73, 2024, https://doi.org/ 10.34302/CJEE/SQTJ4961.
Joel R. SUTTER, John N. NDERU and Ariel M. MUTEGI, The School of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (SEEIE), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, joelruttosutter@gmail.com, adjainderugac@gmail.com, arielmutegi@yahoo.com
Keywords: Algorithm, FACTS, voltage profiles, tuning, constrained optimal power flow, power system parameters, power transients, real and reactive power control
Abstract: This research work presents a novel individual and Hybrid MGA and IGWO was utilized to develop FACTS-controlled optimization model for improvement of bus voltage profiles. The algorithm simultaneously solved the objective problem and augments device parameters as it searches for the best FACTS location and sizes. Objective function was resolved Security Constrained Optimal Load Flow (SCOLF) with the integration FACTS power electronics controllers for TTC without violating active and reactive power generation confines, voltage boundaries, line flow limits, and FACTS devices operation restrictions and ratings. TCSC controller parameters have been effectively optimized for the research and the work has been successfully carried out on MATLAB platform using IEEE 30-bus test bus systems. Power system procedures and parameters can be augmented using artificial intelligence techniques like ANN, ANFIS, Fuzzy Logic, DEPSO and MGA together with power electronics built versatile and highly adaptable Flexible AC Transmission Systems controllers. FACTS normalize voltage or control the power that is either added into or absorbed from the system. They enhance the overall grid capacity and performance. They also increase the dependability and efficiency of power systems. Apart from alleviating power transients, FACTS provide greater system real and reactive control.
DESIGN OF A VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR WITH DATA DISPLAY IN A WEB INTERFACE
Copy citation: P. Nistor, I. Orha, Design of a Virtual Temperature Sensor with Data Display in a Web Interface, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 74-84, 2024, https://doi.org/10.34302/CJEE/XLCI7386.
Paul NISTOR, Ioan ORHA, Electric, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, nistorpaul97@gmail.com, ioan.orha@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords: sensors, machine learning, web interfaces
Abstract: The project presents the design and implementation of a virtual temperature sensor with the display of the data provided by it in a web interface. The objective of the whole project is based on the development of a virtual sensor that estimates the temperature with the help of historical but also current data provided by other sensors. The goal of this project is to reduce the cost of temperature monitoring systems by reducing the physical sensors required. It is also aimed at the possibility of implementing these sensors in inaccessible places. Following the use of a machine learning type system, I want to implement a predictive model, which, based on the data provided by the other physical sensors, generates the response of the virtual sensor. Both the data provided by the virtual sensor and the data provided by the physical sensors will be displayed within the web interface. The project aims to develop a sensor network for temperature monitoring in various applications. Also, by implementing this system, I want to obtain a web interface that allows viewing and managing the measured temperature data.
DATA DRIVEN RULE-BASED PEAK SHAVING ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING REFRIGERATORS
Copy citation: D. Kwegyir, F. B. Effah, D. Opoku and E. A. Frimpong, Data Driven Rule-Based Peak Shaving Algorithm for Scheduling Refrigerators, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 85-116, 2024, https://doi.org/10.34302/CJEE/QSEG2220.
Daniel KWEGYIR, Francis Boafo EFFAH, Daniel OPOKU, Emmanuel Asuming FRIMPONG, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, daniel.kwegyir@knust.edu.gh
Keywords: Thermostatically controlled loads, peak shaving, rule-based algorithm, dynamic flexibility
Abstract: The increasing use of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) like refrigerators poses a significant challenge to the grid due to their potential to increase peak demand. This study introduces a novel rule-based peak-shaving algorithm to effectively manage these loads. The algorithm operates in two modes: day-ahead and real-time. In the day-ahead mode, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are utilized to forecast demand and generation. A Parameter tuned Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWOP) is proposed and employed to determine the optimal generation for the initial timestep of the scheduling period. The GWOP is tuned using a brute-force grid search method to optimize its parameters. In the real-time mode, the algorithm dynamically adjusts refrigerator operations based on real-time mismatch calculations between predicted demand and generation. Dynamic flexibility thresholds are employed to determine the optimal operation of refrigerators during peak and off-peak periods. This approach aims to minimize energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort. The algorithm’s performance was evaluated using real-world data from the Spanish Transmission Service Operators (TSO). The results demonstrate a significant reduction in peak demand and total energy consumption. The algorithm with dynamic flexibility achieved a substantial 18.89% reduction in peak demand and a notable 12.12% decrease in total energy consumption.
Copy citation: A. T. Neamt, L. Neamt, O. Chiver, E. Pop, M. Ilia, C. Bud, Aspects Regarding the Correlation of the Number of Series/Parallel-Connected Photovoltaic Modules with the Inverter Inputs, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 117-122, 2024, https://doi.org/10.34302/CJEE/JAYJ9255.
Alina Tatiana NEAMȚ1, Liviu NEAMȚ2, Olivian CHIVER2, Eleonora POP2, Mirela ILIA3, Ciprian BUD4, 1 “Anghel Saligny” Technical College Baia Mare, Romania, 2 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3 Distribuție Energie Electrică Romania, 4 Transelectrica Romania, alina23_tatiana@yahoo.com
Keywords: Photovoltaic cells, temperature, irradiance, efficiency, safety
Abstract: Because the photovoltaic system performance is significantly influenced by the environmental factors, particularly temperature and irradiance, a right correlation between the number of series/parallel-connected photovoltaic modules with the inverter inputs must be achieved to guarantee the safety of all components and the system in its entirety, and a high efficiency in electrical energy production. This paper addresses these issues and presents the results in a very simple and illustrative manner very easily to be implemented in the design procedure of a photovoltaic system.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN A LOGISTICS COMPANY
Copy citation: M. Stet, Cost-Benefit Analysis of Transition to Electric Vehicles in a Logistics Company, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 123-142, 2024, https://doi.org/10.34302/CJEE/TJLG4115.
Mihaela ȘTEȚ, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Romania, mihaela.stet@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords: logistics, electric vehicles, cost-benefit analysis, charging
Abstract: This research investigates the economic feasibility of transitioning a logistics company’s fleet to electric vehicles (EVs). The study evaluates the economic viability of this transition by comparing the total cost of ownership (TCO) of EVs to that of traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Key factors considered in the analysis include vehicle purchase costs, operational expenses, energy consumption and costs, maintenance expenses, and government incentives. The study aims to quantify the potential financial benefits and drawbacks associated with EV adoption and to assess the overall economic viability of such a transition. The findings of this CBA provide valuable insights for logistics companies seeking to make informed decisions about their fleet electrification strategies.