Volume 16, number 1, 2022. Print version and published papers:
Regular papers:
Copy citation: P. Owusu-Afriyie, E. K. Anto, F. B. Effah, Multi-Objective Congestion Management of Transmission Lines Using Demand Response and Static Var Compensators, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 7-34, 2022.
Paul OWUSU-AFRIYIE, Emmanuel Kwaku ANTO, Francis Boafo EFFAH, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, paulowusuafriyie@gmail.com, kwakuantoh@yahoo.com, fbeffah74@gmail.com
Keywords: Congestion, Demand Response, Static Var Compensator, Particle Swarm Optimization
Abstract: This paper presents multi-objective congestion management of transmission lines using time-of-use (TOU) based demand response (DR) program and static var compensator (SVC). Congestion of transmission lines is managed, while system parameters such as generation fuel cost and active power losses are reduced, in addition to enhancement of bus voltages. The SVC was modeled as a reactive power injector, while the TOU–based DR was modeled using the price elasticity of demand for responsive loads. Particle swarm optimization was used for the optimal placement and sizing of the SVCs, considering the rolled-out DR program in MATLAB/MATPOWER. The DR program was first tested separately on the IEEE-30 bus test system to show its effects on the afore-mentioned system parameters. Subsequently, the DR program was combined with the SVC, and again tested on the IEEE-30 bus test system. The results showed a significant improvement of 1.414% on the voltage profile, 44.65% reduction on the generation fuel cost, and much significant 71.13% reduction on the system losses with the proposed method, compared with the Base Case Scenario (the Peak Period) where there was congestion. This shows the effectiveness of the proposed hybridized DR-SVC method in congestion management of transmission lines.
Copy citation: V. M. Panainte, H. Bălan, Dynamics Modeling and Control System Definition for Vibration Attenuation of a Thin Titanium Plate with Matlab and Ansys, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 35-45, 2022.
Vlad Mihai PANAINTE, Horia BĂLAN, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, vlad_panainte@yahoo.com, horia.balan@enm.utcluj.ro
Keywords: software fault diagnosis, feedback, control systems, proportional control
Abstract: Vibration artefacts that appear at small dimension components are frequently encountered in multiple domains such electronic equipment production, surgical and high precision medical applications, optical applications high quality photo/video equipment. The main objective of this work is to develop a reduced model that accurately represents the dynamics of a small dimension titanium plate and define a suitable vibration control system. With the aid of powerful engineering software instruments, the mathematical model of the studied object is defined with MATLAB after it was modeled and analyzed with ANSYS (mode shape analysis). The mathematical model is developed based on the eigenvectors and eigenvalues extracted from ANSYS and it is called the state space model which is than transformed into a transfer function for simplicity reasons. The mathematical model is than integrated in Simulink and the vibration velocity is evaluated, followed by the definition of a control system comprised of a piezoelectric actuator and PID controller. The evaluation of the system was performed by applying a step signal at the input of the plant and the velocity response is observed comparatively in three configurations as listed: small dimension plate response, plate and piezoelectric actuator and full plant (titanium plate, actuator and PID controller).
AN ENHANCED JUMPING SPIDER OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Copy citation: B. N. Atanga, F. B. Effah, P. Y. Okyere, An Enhanced Jumping Spider Optimization Algorithm, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46-61, 2022.
Betrand Ngwa ATANGA, Francis Boafo EFFAH, Philip Yaw OKYERE, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, atangabertrand@gmail.com, fbeffah74@gmail.com, okyerepy@yahoo.com
Keywords: Jumping spider optimization, bio-inspired algorithm, meta-heuristics, levy flight
Abstract: Jumping Spider Optimization (JSO) algorithm is a more recent meta-heuristic algorithm shown to outperform recent algorithms in the literature. This paper presents a JSO variant that modifies standard JSO in its global search and jumping on prey phases to improve further its global search capability. The proposed algorithm employs levy flight to update the position of global search agent for better performance. It also introduces a random number generator in the equation for the trajectory of the spider when jumping on prey to provide the updated agent with flexibility to attack prey. The enhanced jumping spider optimization algorithm (EJSO) is tested on 17 well-known benchmark functions and its performance compared with the standard JSO and five other well-known algorithms. The EJSO is also verified on a welded beam design problem to validate our algorithm. The results of statistical analyses conducted show the superiority of EJSO over the standard JSO and the other state-of-arts algorithms.
MODIFIED INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE MAYFLY ALGORITHM
Copy citation: N. K. Prah II, E. A. Frimpong, E. Twumasi, Modified Individual Experience Mayfly Algorithm, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 62-74, 2022.
Nicholas Kwesi PRAH II, Emmanuel Assuming FRIMPONG, Elvis TWUMASI, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, bravokwesi@gmail.com,eafrimpong.soe@knust.edu.gh, etwumasi.coe@knust.edu.gh
Keywords: Optimization, metaheuristics, Swarm Intelligence
Abstract: An algorithm that modifies the individual experience of mayflies in the mayfly algorithm (MA) to enhance its performance, is proposed. The proposed algorithm called the Modified Individual Experience Mayfly Algorithm (MIE-MA) calculates the experience of a mayfly by finding an average of the positions the mayfly has been to instead of just using the best position. A chaotic decreasing gravity coefficient is also employed to enhance the balance between the exploitation and exploration of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm was compared to the original MA, and two recent variants named, PGB-IMA and ModMA, on eight benchmark functions. The parameters used for comparison were Mean Absolute Error, Standard Deviation, and convergence rate. The results validate the superior performance of the MIE-MA over the other three algorithms. The MIE-MA yields better optimal values with minimal iterations.
Copy citation: B. N. Atanga, F. B. Effah, D. Kwegyir, P. Y. Okyere, Optimal Tuning of Pi-Controller of Shunt Active Power Filter for Harmonics Mitigation using Enhanced Jumping Spider Algorithm, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 75-91, 2022.
Betrand N. ATANGA, Francis B. EFFAH, Daniel KWEGYIR, Philip Y. OKYERE, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, atangabertrand@gmail.com, fbeffah74@gmail.com
Keywords: shunt active power filter, PI-controller, harmonics mitigation, p-q theory
Abstract: The increasing use of power electronic devices has resulted in harmonics that may cause in power systems overheating of equipment, poor power factor and voltage distortion. Shunt active power filter (SAPF) provides the most useful means for harmonics mitigation in power systems. In a certain number of SAPFs, the dc link capacitor voltage is regulated by means of a PI controller. This paper proposes a variant of a population based Jumping Spider Algorithm for optimal tuning of the PI controller to enhance the performance of the active filter. The SAPF considered in this paper uses the p-q theory to extract its reference current and the hysteresis current control to produce the triggering signals for the controlled switching devices of its inverter. The overall SAPF is developed and validated using MATLAB/Simulink tool under two different nonlinear loading conditions. The results obtained by simulation show that the SAPF with the proposed PI controller effectively controls the dc-link capacitor voltage and mitigates current harmonics.
IMPACT OF THE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS ON THE MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS
Copy citation: M. Șteț, B. Cioruța, Impact of the Hydroelectric Power Plants on the Mountain Ecosystems, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 92-105, 2022.
Mihaela ȘTEȚ, Bogdan CIORUȚA, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, mihaela.stet@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords: Hydroelectric power generation, mountain ecosystems, environmental impact
Abstract: In the last decades, there was identified evidence of climate change. These climate changes are associated with various effects on different types of ecosystems and with changes in mountain ecosystems. To respond to these challenges, some states have started the implementation of general and specific measures, among them being the measures taken within the energy sectors.
Copy citation: J. Ohene-Akoto, E. Twumasi, E. A. Frimpong, Enhancement of the Prediction Accuracy of Grey System Model Using a Particle Swarm Optimized Initial Condition, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 106-119, 2022.
Justice OHENE-AKOTO1, Elvis TWUMASI 1, Emmanuel A. FRIMPONG 2, 1Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, 2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana, justiceakoto8363@gmail.com, etwumasi.coe@knust.edu.gh,eafrimpong.soe@knust.edu.gh
Keywords: Particle, Optimization, Initial condition, prediction, performance
Abstract: The grey system model has seen vast application in many fields due to its good accuracy in predicting systems with a limited dataset. In this paper, the prediction accuracy of the traditional grey system model is enhanced using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The enhancement is mainly the use of PSO to predict an optimum initial condition value based on the input dataset to improve the prediction accuracy of the original grey model that uses the first data of the input dataset as its initial condition. The performance of the enhanced model was tested against the traditional grey model and another model that seeks to enhance the initial condition using the average-minimum-maximum absolute error and the mean absolute percentage error to prove its adaptability. Sample monotonic increasing and decreasing datasets, value of lost load and value of lost load per GDP datasets were used as testing data to prove the accuracy of the proposed model. The proposed model predicted optimum initial condition values of 18.9241, 5.9160, 5.0203 and 3120012789 that resulted in the lowest MAPE OF 0.1798%, 0.1799%, 2.1359% and 11.2813% for the monotonic increasing and decreasing, value of lost load and value of lost load per GDP datasets respectively. It was shown that the proposed model outperforms the traditional grey system model and an improved initial condition model in literature.
8th International Conference INNOVATIVE IDEAS IN SCIENCE 2022, 3-4th November 2022, Baia Mare, Romania – Selected papers by the IIS Scientific Committee:
STUDY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH ADVISOR
Copy citation: O. Chiver, L. Neamt, M. Horgos, Study of Electric Vehicles with Advisor, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 127-138, 2022.
Olivian CHIVER, Liviu NEAMT, Mircea HORGOS, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Romania, olivian.chiver@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords: ADVISOR, simulation, electric vehicle
Abstract: The main paper’s purpose is to present how students and researchers can use the ADVISOR software in the design and simulation of electric vehicles. Not only electric vehicles but also hybrid, fuel-cell, or internal combustion engine vehicles can be simulated, this paper refers only to the former. Starting with the principal electric vehicle components such as the energy storage system and the electric motor, the user can choose them from the existing ones in the library or can compose/define new others. The software allows imposing different driving cycles (choosing from the library or user-defined) and calculates selected performances of the vehicle based on the simulation. Should emphasize the eloquent way of ADVISOR in presenting the results on the energy consumption of the main components as well as of the entire vehicle. Thus, it is easy to find how certain equipment affects the overall efficiency of the electric vehicle.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A LOW-COST SUBSONIC WIND TUNNEL
Copy citation: A. Baron Von Hohenhau, Design and Performance of a Low-Cost Subsonic Wind Tunnel, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 139-156, 2022.
Alexander BARON VON HOHENHAU, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, alex@edesign.co.uk
Keywords: Wind Tunnels, Turning Vanes, Diffusers, Flow Uniformity, Pressure Drop, Turbulence
Abstract: This paper investigates the design and performance of a small-scale inexpensive wind tunnel, with a working cross-section of 305 by 305 mm and a top speed of 56 m/s, powered by an 18.5 kW centrifugal fan. The wind tunnel incorporates a diffuser, a contraction and various flow conditioners. Guidance on the construction and incorporation of each of these components is provided. Their performance was evaluated using a seven-hole probe and the results are compared to findings in literature. Particular attention is paid to flow uniformity and pressure changes. It is demonstrated that wire screens and honeycombs bring about clear improvements in flow quality, although their effect is eclipsed by the outstanding performance of a 4:1 contraction. It is demonstrated that the right design choices allow for the construction of a cost-effective wind tunnel capable of producing excellent flow uniformity with relatively low power requirements.
COMPONENTS OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF MODERN SOCIAL REQUESTS
Copy citation: V. Panchuk, C. Barz, V. Kopei, O. Onysko, I. Medvid, A. Panchuk, T. Lukan, Components of Technical Education from the Point of View of Modern Social Requests, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 157-163, 2022.
Vitalii PANCHUK1, Cristian BARZ2, Volodymyr KOPEI1, Oleh ONYSKO1,Iuliia MEDVID1,Anatolii PANCHUK1, Tetiana LUKAN1, 1Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, 2Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare, onysko.oleg@gmail.com
Keywords: educational programs, educational services, professional education
Abstract: Modern technical universities are obliged to show flexibility in the provision of educational services, since the modernization of modern enterprises is ongoing and professional employment additionally requires the rhythmic improvement of skills, skills and educational level of the employee, the permanent acquisition of other additional knowledge and skills that increase the value of the employee in the event of a corresponding need for them applying, as well as obtaining, another profession, if the employee foresees the application of his knowledge at the intersection of different fields of activity. And all this requires enabling the optimization of the provision of educational services by unifying their certain components in order to save its time and financial resources.
ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN THE MARAMURES REGION
Copy citation: C. Barz, Z. Erdei, O. Onysko, P. Živković, I. Medvid, V. Panchuk, V. Rodic, A. Baron Von Hohenhau, Analysing the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems in the Maramures Region, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 164-173, 2022.
Cristian BARZ1, Zoltan ERDEI1, Oleh ONYSKO2, Predrag ŽIVKOVIĆ3, Iuliia MEDVID2, Vitalii PANCHUK2, Vesna RODIC4, Alexander BARON VON HOHENHAU1, 1Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Department of the Computerized Machine Building, Ukraine, 3University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Niš, Serbia, 4
Independent University Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, cristian.barz@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords: Photovoltaic system, inverter, Fronius, productivity analysis, PVGISn
Abstract: This paper presents the performance of several types of inverters and the data they collected in the MARAMURES region of Romania. They were run in various different environments, angles of inclination and geographical positions. Each type of inverter is equipped with an application which helps the operator keep a record of daily production, track instant production and even check the monthly and annual power output. The last part compares the real energy production with a forecast generated by the PVGIS platform. This shows the differences in efficiency between two photovoltaic installations of the same type and size, due to different angles of elevation and azimuth.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY USE IN THE TOURISM SECTOR OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK REGION
Copy citation: I. Smyk, L. Arkhypova, Analysis of Electricity Use in the Tourism Sector of Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 174-184, 2022.
Iryna SMYK, Liudmyla ARKHYPOVA, Department of Tourism, Institute of Natural Sciences and Tourism, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, iryna.smyk-a10122@nung.edu.ua, konsevich@ukr.net
Keywords: ecological safety, tourism industry, electricity consumption, renewable energy sources
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of electricity use in the tourism sector of Ivano-Frankivsk region. The territorial structure of electricity consumption distribution in the tourism sector across the regions of Ivano-Frankivsk region has been studied, and quantitative indicators of electricity use by the tourism sector over the last five years have been modeled. It has been demonstrated that as the number of tourists increases, the proportion of electricity consumed from the overall energy network also increases, as the share of electricity generated from renewable sources for self-sufficiency of the tourism sector is currently negligible. Analysis of global experience allows us to assert that the use of renewable energy sources is environmentally friendly, modern, safe, and resource-efficient, and is the path chosen by all developed countries. A review of information sources suggests that modern tourism development includes several aspects: reducing carbon footprint, reducing the impact on local ecosystems, and increasing economic benefits for local communities. It is important to understand that expenditures on ecology and nature conservation measures are not just unavoidable costs, but also investments in business. Such an attitude allows for benefits and profits. Investments in green technologies always pay off, as today’s modern tourists are willing to pay for comfort and ecology. The necessity of referring to global experience in using renewable energy sources in tourism is emphasized, and trends in implementing global experience in the practice of tourism industry in Ivano-Frankivsk region are analyzed.
Copy citation: I. Smical, A. Pop-Vădean, Pressures on Environment and Human Health Generated by Bio-Waste Management in Maramureș County, Romania, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 185-193, 2022.
Irina SMICAL1, Adina POP-VĂDEAN2, 1)Technical University of Cluj Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare, Department of Mineral Resources, Materials and Environment Engineering, Romania, 2)Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Department of Mechatronics and Machine Dynamics, Romania, Irina.SMICAL@irmmm.utcluj.ro, adinaluciapopvadean@yahoo.com
Keywords: bio-waste, pollution, waste management, recycling
Abstract: Bio-waste represents the largest and most problematic category of municipal waste. Their particularity of decomposition and generation of leachate, respectively of greenhouse gases, imposed finding solutions to reduce and even stop the landfilling of this waste, encouraging the application of recycling measures. Like other developing countries, Romania has no unitary system for the separate collection of bio-waste. This leads to a very low rate of their recovery, on average 10.35% of the total biodegradable waste collected, the majority being disposed of by landfilling with an average annual rate of approx. 72.17%. The lack of a separate bio-waste collection infrastructure in Maramures County means that more than 50,000 tons of organic waste to end up in landfill dumps every year posing risks for environment factors and human health.
ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION ASSESSMENT IN MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT
Copy citation: Z. Erdei, C. Barz, A. Grib, C. Tamasan, Energy and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Assessment in Manufacturing Environment, Carpathian Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 194-207, 2022.
Zoltan ERDEI, Cristian BARZ, Alexandru GRIB, Cristina TAMASAN, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Zoltan.ERDEI@ieec.utcluj.ro
Keywords:energy efficiency, energy saving, sustainability, energy management, energy audit
Abstract: This paper aims to identify, analyze, and conclude on solutions to improve the energy performance of an economic agent, by carrying out an energy audit to satisfy part of the energy needs of the organization. The respective economic agent operates in the field of the production of devices for the control and distribution of electricity. The objectives of the paper refer to the identification of the way of using electricity, to the identification and analysis of alternative solutions, such as photovoltaic panels, which could substantially reduce energy costs, to the performance of an economic analysis regarding these alternative solutions to determine which are economically efficient for the economic agent in question. The site energy audit was carried out during the week commencing 10th February 2023 and consisted of a health and safety site induction, followed by a kick-off meeting with key site personnel, followed by data gathering and surveys of the factory operation and processes. The objective of the energy survey is to provide a compliant audit for the ESOS submission for the organisation. The energy audit covers all energy consumption applicable to the site in order to establish an energy use map for the major consumers and identify potential energy saving opportunities.The energy savings identified in this study are based on the findings of the site visits and are considered viable opportunities that will require further work to develop them into investment grade business cases.